Film 110H - Cinema Studies - Prof. Kreger: In-Text Citations

The purpose of the in-text citation is to direct the reader to the full citation in the Works Cited page. 

Create a path from:

                   The original source to >>>

                                         your text using in-text citations to >>>

                                                            your Works Cited page

Example:

“The associations between mild food insecurity and illness did not differ significantly by child age" (Schmeer 12).

                                                         Works Cited​

Schmeer, Kammi K. “Household Food Insecurity and Child Health.” Maternal & Child

     Nutrition, vol. 13, no. 2, April 2017, pp. 1-13. Academic Search Complete, http://lib-

     proxy.sunywcc.edu:2061/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=122198106&site=ehost-

     live.

(When you cite an article from a WCC database you are not required to include the "Date Accessed."

Direct quoting: Using the author's own words exactly as they appear in the source. Can be a few words [selective quoting] or a longer statement. Enclose the quote in quotation marks to set it apart from your own ideas. Direct quoting is best when there it's important to preserve the author's phrasing and choice of words precisely.

“The associations between mild food insecurity and illness did not differ significantly by child age" (Schmeer 12).

Paraphrasing: Putting the author’s ideas into your own words. This demonstrates your deep understanding of the author's ideas.

A child’s age was not a factor in the association of illness caused by mild food shortages (Schmeer 12).

Use a signal word to add emphasis: While paraphrasing and/or selective quoting, use signal words to introduce and attribute the author's ideas to them.

Schmeer asserts that a child’s age was not a factor in the association of illness caused by mild food shortages (12).

Signal phrases are short phrases that introduce a quote, paraphrase, or summary, and signal to readers that an outside source is being used. Common signal words show emphasis, addition, comparison or contrast, illustration, and cause and effect.

Some examples:

        According to literary critic Harold Bloom...

        A survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in 2019 indicates that...

        Smith and Johnson state that...

        Legal scholar Terrence Roberts offered a persuasive argument: “….”

Below is a list of verbs that can be used in signal phrases:

Adapted from A Pocket Style Manual by Diana Hacker.

Hacker, Diana, and Nancy Sommers. A Pocket Style Manual. 7th ed., Bedford St. Martin's, 2014.