Criminology Sources: In-Text Citations

The purpose of the in-text citation is to direct the reader to the full citation in the Works Cited page. 

Creating a path from:

                                The original source to

                                Your text using in-text citations to

                                Your Works Cited page

Examples: Quoting vs. Paraphrasing

Original text (direct quotation)

“The associations between mild food insecurity and illness did not differ significantly by child age" (Schmeer 12).

Paraphrasing: putting the author’s ideas into your own words.

A child’s age was not a factor in the association of illness caused by mild food shortages (Schmeer 12).                 

In-text citation using a signal word:

Schmeer asserts that a child’s age was not a factor in the association of illness caused by mild food shortages (12).