Indirect Quotation, or Paraphrase, refers to putting an author's ideas into your own words in your paper. Like direct quotes, the paraphrased passages require in-text citations in order to give credit to the original author. The APA Publication Guide states that sources should be paraphrased most of the time instead of using direct quotes (8.23).
Original (Direct Quote):
"The questions most people think about before retirement are 'How much money will I need?' and 'Am I saving enough?' But while financial security is certainly critical, people need to amass more than money for a successful retirement, experts say. They need to stockpile their emotional reserves, as well" (Chamberlain, 2014).
*note the use of single quotation marks around phrases within a longer passage in quotes (APA Publication Manual 8.33).
Paraphrase:
Parenthetical Citation:
It is just as important to be emotionally prepared for retirement as financially prepared (Chamberlain 2014).
Narrative Citation:
Chamberlain (2014) explains it is just as important to be emotionally prepared for retirement as financially prepared.
Basic Format: (Author Last Name, Year) Example: (Bradshaw, 2013)
Unlike Direct Quotes, page numbers are not required for Indirect Quotes.
Parenthetical Citation:
Avid readers of science fiction and fantasy books are more likely than readers of other genres to believe in futuristic scenarios - for example, that it will someday be possible to travel to other galaxies or power a car on solar energy (Black et al., 2018).
Narrative Citation:
Black et al., (2018) have shown that avid readers of science fiction and fantasy books are more likely than readers of other genres to believe in futuristic scenarios - for example, that it will someday be possible to travel to other galaxies or power a car on solar energy.